Abstract: This paper utilizes the capability and institution-based perspectives to investigate “reverse internationalization” activity among emerging economy, global startups. Specifically we examine original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) as they attempt to enter their home market after starting their business as business that focuses on markets outside their domestic market. Here we focus our analysis on whether the capabilities built via internationalization (technological, marketing, and financial capability) serve as mediators between OEMs resources (domestic market understanding and legitimacy) and performance. Our findings bolster the belief that global startups may draw on capabilities developed through their internationalization as stepping stone to undertaking domestic expansion.

Abstract: Although the emergence of international new ventures is a worldwide phenomenon, most empirical evidence has so far been obtained from developed economies and very little attention has been paid to international new ventures from emerging economies. In response, our investigation focuses on INVs in China. Compared with new ventures in developed economies, most new ventures from China lack key resources and knowledge and thus need to overcome such deficiencies through aggressive international learning. This study collected a sample of 167 INVs to test the mediation effect of international learning on the relationship between flexibility and foreign performance of international new ventures. The findings show that for early internationalizing firms, both cognitive flexibility and role flexibility positively impact on firm foreign performance fully through international learning.

Abstract: The dynamic capability literature has argued that dynamic capabilities are of most importance to companies that face dynamic environments. New ventures in nascent markets are in such a situation. However, the literature remains silent when it comes to the boundary conditions under which these dynamic capabilities have most impact on survival. We extend the literature on dynamic capabilities by showing that firm stability measured as role formalization in the founding team and redundancy at the work floor does increase the impact of dynamic capabilities. We therefore contribute to the literature on dynamic capabilities by showing its duality with company stability. However, the installation of a board with external directors does decrease the impact of dynamic capabilities.

Abstract: This study aims to identify the source of entrepreneurial knowledge and to compare the role of different factors in determining individual’s entrepreneurial intention. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event Model, an adaptive entrepreneurial intention model is built where entrepreneurial knowledge is embedded. We argue that entrepreneurial knowledge, paralleling to perceived desirability and feasibility, sources from entrepreneurship education and exposure to entrepreneurial experience. The data was collected from a widespread survey in ten Chinese universities. The pre-test results show that entrepreneurial knowledge has a larger positive impact than perceived desirability and feasibility on individual’s entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship education is the main source of entrepreneurial knowledge and has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intention, in particular for males and students from technology-oriented universities.